Horse owners and caretakers are all too familiar with the unique challenges that come with equine health. One such challenge that has gained attention in recent years is Coronaviral Enteritis, an emerging disease in horses. In this blog, we will explore this relatively uncommon yet concerning condition, delving into its origins, clinical signs, diagnosis, and the complex nature of its transmission.
A Newcomer on the Equine Health Scene
Coronaviral Enteritis may be a relatively recent addition to the list of equine diseases, but its impact is significant. This disease was first identified in the northeastern United States in 2010, and it has since been a source of concern for horse owners and veterinarians alike. While it can occur year-round, it is most commonly diagnosed during the winter months, spanning from October through April. However, cases have also been reported during the summer, demonstrating its unpredictability.
Age Matters: Susceptibility in Adult Horses
Equine coronavirus does not discriminate by age, but it does exhibit a preference. While it can affect horses of any age, it is generally seen more frequently in adults over two years old. This peculiar pattern raises questions about the disease’s pathophysiology and how it interacts with a horse’s immune system.
A Tale of Contaminated Feces: How It Spreads
One of the key aspects of Coronaviral Enteritis is its mode of transmission. The disease spreads from horse to horse through contaminated feces. This makes biosecurity and proper hygiene practices on farms of utmost importance in preventing its spread.
Clinical Signs: Recognizing the Red Flags
Equine coronavirus doesn’t waste time once it infects a horse. Clinical signs typically manifest 48-72 hours after exposure, catching both horse owners and veterinarians off guard. The symptoms of this disease can last several days to a week and are generally responsive to supportive care. Key clinical signs to watch for include:
• Anorexia: A loss of appetite is one of the early indicators of infection.
• Lethargy: Horses infected with the virus may appear weak and sluggish.
• Fever: Fever can range from mild to severe, serving as a prominent sign of infection.
• Mild Colic: Some horses may exhibit mild colic symptoms.
• Changes in Stool: The disease can lead to alterations in stool consistency, ranging from soft cowpie-like stools to profuse watery diarrhea.
• Low Blood Count: Equine coronavirus can result in a decreased white blood cell count.
• Low Blood Protein: Blood protein levels may also be reduced in infected horses.
The Complex Nature of Diagnosis
Diagnosing Coronaviral Enteritis can be challenging due to the intricate nature of the disease. Specialized fecal testing is available, but it can be tricky to obtain accurate results. Fecal viral shedding begins 3-4 days after exposure and peaks at around 3-4 days after the onset of clinical signs. This timeline of shedding can lead to false-negative results, complicating the diagnostic process.
In conclusion, Coronaviral Enteritis is a newly emerging disease in horses that demands our attention and vigilance. As horse owners and caretakers, staying informed about its origins, clinical signs, and transmission is crucial for early detection and management. Implementing strict biosecurity measures and seeking veterinary care promptly can help mitigate the impact of this disease on our beloved equine companions.
